Walls, borders, and the rhetoric of fear: A longitudinal study of Trump’s campaign addresses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29107/rr2025.3.2Słowa kluczowe:
Donald Trump, przemówienia ogłaszające kampanię prezydencką, przemówienia akceptacyjne, imigranci, metaforaAbstrakt
Przemówienia Donalda Trumpa wygłoszone podczas ogłoszenia jego kandydatury na prezydenta oraz przemówienia akceptacyjne przyjmujące nominację prezydencką zostały poddane analizie w oparciu o funkcjonalne podejście do dyskursu kampanii politycznej. Kandydaci, dążąc do zaprezentowania się w korzystniejszym świetle niż ich rywale, zwykle stosują jedną z trzech strategii retorycznych: pochwałę (acclaiming), polegającą na podkreślaniu własnych atutów; atak (attacking), czyli umniejszanie atrakcyjności przeciwników; lub obronę (defending), czyli odpowiadanie na stawiane zarzuty. Niniejsza analiza koncentruje się w szczególności na przykładach pochwał i ataków, w których dominują motywy związane z imigracją i imigrantami. Wyniki badania wskazują na wyraźny wzrost częstotliwości ataków skierowanych przeciwko imigrantom oraz zagranicznym „Innym”. Powracającą metaforą w retoryce Trumpa dotyczącej imigrantów jest metafora KRAJ/NARÓD JAKO DOM. Po wprowadzeniu, metafora ta zostaje wykorzystana z dużą precyzją retoryczną, co umożliwia strategiczne kształtowanie dyskursu politycznego. Retoryka Trumpa przyczynia się w ten sposób do budowania polityki strachu oraz utrwalania opozycji binarnej między „Nami” a „Innymi”.
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